Circular error probable (CEP), [1] also circular error probability [2] or circle of equal probability, [3] is a measure of a weapon system's precision in the military science of ballistics. It is defined …

Mar 18, 2025 · This article defines how to create and interpret a probability plot in Excel using the XLSTAT software. Probability plots is an old method (Hazen, 1914), that has been extensively used, especially through the use of printed probability paper.

May 19, 2024 · The binomial probability distribution graph is a statistical measure to calculate the probability of the number of successes from a specified number of trials. STEPS: Insert values for the Number of Trials and the Probability of Success in cells C5 and C6 respectively.

May 22, 2021 · Estimates the Circular Error Probable (CEP) or the Spherical Error Probable (SEP). CEP/SEP is defined as the radius of the circle/sphere around the point of aim such that it contains a certain fraction of points of impact, e.g., 50% or 90%.

May 8, 2023 · The Circular Error Probable \(CEP(p)\) for \(p \in [0,1)\) is the estimated radius of the smallest circle that is expected to cover proportion \(p\) of the shot group. Some authors restrict the name "CEP" to the case of \(p = 0.5\), and refer to, e.g., \(R95\) for \(p = 0.95\).

To compare the GPS receiver results another way, I measured positions from both units over the same period of time, then determined the Circular Error Or Probability (CEP) for both. The CEP is determined by the number of points within a certain distance of a specific location as a percentage of the total number of points.

The formula is a variation on the cumulative density function (CDF) of the Rayleigh probability distribution as found here: $$F(x,\sigma) = 1 - \exp(-\frac{x^2}{2\sigma^2})$$ where $\sigma$ is the mode of the distribution.

Apr 24, 2017 · The circular error of probability refers to the average distance between a target and the terminal end of an object's path of travel. This is a common calculation problem in the shooting sports, where a projectile is launched towards a particular destination.

Estimates the Circular Error Probable (CEP) or the Spherical Error Probable (SEP). CEP/SEP is defined as the radius of the circle/sphere around the point of aim such that it contains a certain fraction of points of impact, e.g., 50% or 90%.

Given this definition, circular error probable (CEP) is used to measure a weapon system's impact accuracy. The CEP is determined by taking test impact data and approximating the actual CEP of the missile system. Of course, the more data points - or weapon system tests - collected, the better the approximation of CEP.