Passing by reference means we pass the real reference to the variable in memory. Java object references are passed by value. All object references in Java are passed by value.

Java naming conventions for variables, methods and reference types are where things get a little more complicated. For example, you can start a Java variable with a dollar sign or an underscore -- but ...

Java stores object values in heap memory; references to the value are stored in the stack. Another way to create strings is to use the new keyword, as in the following example. String s1 = new String( ...