"The eddy-mean kinetic energy exchange term can be [separated] into three parts: one associated with the cross-stream ...

The Gulf Stream transports approximately 31 Sv (1 Sv = 10 6 m 3 s-1) of water 1,2 and 1.3 × 10 15 W of heat 3 into the North Atlantic ocean. The possibility of abrupt changes in Gulf Stream heat ...