ATS is a piece of hardware that automatically shifts the electrical load from primary power supply to a backup or standby ...

Solid state isolators (SSIs) can be an effective tool for providing isolation for programmable logic controllers (PLCs).

The aim of this study is to design and implement an accurate virtual model of a basic feeder protection relay. This paper focuses on certain sets of ANSI functions and COMTRADE (Std C37.111) to ...

At present, relay protection competitions often use conventional substations for practical tests. The main test point of the smart substation relay protection c ...