This paper presents a novel platform for accurate mathematical modeling of the propulsion system of electric cars. It provides, for the first time, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real-time experimental ...

A dual-loop control scheme including an inner current loop and an outer voltage loop is introduced. A simplified second-order equivalent circuit is employed to derive all the relevant equations for ...

What Is a Venn Diagram? A Venn diagram is a graphic that identifies the traits that two or more sets of things, concepts, or people share and don't share. Circles representing each trait overlap ...