Cutting corners in control system updates—such as skipping P&ID revisions or HAZOP documentation—can create long-term safety ...

The practical application of knowledge acquired during undergraduate studies is crucial for students to address real-world problems and seek solutions. The SMAR PD3 didactic plant provides a conducive ...

This paper presents Place and Route (PnR) flow for a block level design by setting a target for routing density. The PnR flow includes the placement of standard cells and routing of interconnects ...