This paper defines a new combinatorial optimization problem, namely General Combinatorial Optimization Problem (GCOP), whose decision variables are a set of parametric algorithmic components, i.e.

The challenge in designing new three-dimensional (3D) shapes is that considerable manual effort is required for repeated designing and verification to satisfy the required specifications. Extracting ...

Based on the design logic, UrbanXTools could generate urban design automatically in a very short period of time, and evaluated from the view of sustainability, with the help of algorithms. While ...