When shown bunches of dots on a computer ... (Subtraction requires a larger number than addition to arrive at the same comparison, and larger numbers have fuzzier sizes in nonsymbolic arithmetic ...

Figure 2: Five-year-old children’s performance on approximate addition, subtraction and comparison problems. What processes underlie children’s symbolic approximate arithmetic? We first ...

The new study shows bees can be taught to recognize colors as symbolic representations for addition and subtraction, and use this information to solve arithmetic problems. The revelation that even ...