“Neil knows that America uses NOAA’s products every day,” said Craig McLean, a career civil servant who was the agency’s chief scientist during Mr. Trump’s first term. “His last tenure showed the limits of good will against political bullying.”

WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump has nominated Neil Jacobs to lead the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, turning to the man who was his acting NOAA chief in 2019 when Trump altered an expected hurricane impact map in what became known as the “Sharpiegate” scandal.