Every computer in your office contains a crucially... For example, an algorithm designed to take two numbers from a user and add them together can be visually represented as a flowchart.

These “sniffing algorithms”—used, for example, by a sell-side market maker—have the built-in intelligence to identify the existence of any algorithms on the buy side of a large order.

For example, algorithms used in facial recognition technology have in the past shown higher identification rates for men than for women, and for individuals of non-white origin than for whites.

The biggest opportunities don’t come from people searching for your name. They come when someone’s searching for a ...