When scorching columns of rock, known as deep mantle plumes, first rise from depths of nearly 3,000 kilometers (almost 2,000 ...

A diagram of the tsunami waves produced by the 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai volcano in the Kingdom of Tonga, showing the north-northeast.

On volcanoes, a fissure is an elongated fracture or crack at the surface from which lava erupts. Fissure eruptions typically dwindle to those at a central vent after a period of hours or days.

Iceland, Hawaii and Italy have all tried to control lava to save cities in the past. ... when a first volcanic eruption occurred about 2.5 miles northeast of Grindavík, ...