In this circuit, a PNP transistor sources current. The base voltage is about 0.7 V less than the emitter voltage. So with 10.3 V on the base, the emitter has about 11 V and R1 sees about 1 V ...

In this lesson, students build two circuits and explore how transistors function. When Bell Labs introduced the transistor in June of 1948, a spokesman proudly announced "This cylindrical object ...

In the simple circuit shown in Figure 9.9 (the case shown is for an NPN transistor, but a virtually identical circuit, but with negative supply rails, could be made with a similar PNP transistor), the ...

A new technical paper titled “Accelerating OTA Circuit Design: Transistor Sizing Based on a Transformer Model and Precomputed Lookup Tables” was published by University Minnesota and Cadence. Abstract ...

Another current limiter uses a P-channel MOSFET as a pass device, with gate voltage controlled by a transistor that amplifies the R SENSE voltage drop. 3 This circuit experiences a drop as low as ...