Instead of Circuit Theory, gain equations are extracted from a Signal Flow Graph (SFG) by Mason’s Gain Formula. Voltage Signal Analysis (VSA) ... It only shows input to output signal flow. The example ...

Try to look for signal flow in the schematic. The inputs send signals thru the input impedances to the op-amp. The op-amp output sends a feedback signal thru Zf to the inverting input. Signal flow ...

One effective solution is to have a voltage reference followed by a signal-flow-graph low-pass filter. Anshul Shah. ... Examples of reference buffers are the ADA4805-1 and ADA4807-1.