In the proposed method, the expansion decision (0 or 1) is mitigated by using a sigmoid function, which is incorporated in the OPF problem through the modified dc power flow equations. The investment ...

How to run this program? In 'Debug' folder, just use 'make all' command (might need to type 'make clean' first if you re-construct this program). This will construct 'HELR' file that we can run. The ...