It describes how, in dealing with 3-D rectangular arrays, students' spatial thinking is related to their enumeration strategies. The findings suggest that students' initial conception of a 3-D ...

For precise beam analysis of a radiating phased array, it is essential to account for mutual coupling and array edge effect. However, the traditional pattern multiplication principle neglects the ...

Sparse array design is used to help reduce computational, hardware, and power requirements compared to uniform arrays while maintaining acceptable performance. Although minimizing the Cramér-Rao bound ...