Becoming popular in the early 1990s and the norm today, object-oriented programming (OOP) languages, such as C++ and Java ... Encapsulation ensures good code modularity, which keeps routines ...

Functions are fundamental to code organization ... as a programming paradigm. Functional programming is sometimes defined in opposition to object-oriented programming (OOP) and procedural programming.

The object-oriented paradigm popularized by languages including Java and C++ has slowly ... contrasts with a procedural approach in which a developer writes a series of step-by-step statements to ...

Here you’ll be introduced to the fundamentals of procedural programming, with a short introduction to object-oriented coding. You’ll learn some key programming structures like data types, operators, ...