The concept of Power Spectral Density (PSD) is extremely beneficial when specifying optics of various types, with PSD proving to be a useful metric in laser fusion and other extreme application spaces ...

Defining laser-beam power density. 2. Power spectral density is simply the Fourier transform of the signal. When we have a discrete case, as in Figure 2, the PSD can be calculated by using the ...

This article discusses power spectral density and how to understand surfaces at different scales. ... Examples of low-order figure errors and their effect on the energy distribution of a focused beam.