The layers, and what they represent, are as follows: Layer 7: Application. The Application Layer in the OSI model is the layer that is the “closest to the end user”.

The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a conceptual model developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994. It “provides a common basis for ...

According to the OSI Model, the session layer is where connections are established, managed, and torn down. For connection-oriented network protocols, understanding how the session layer works ...

The OSI model, however, is a proven concept that is used in all other data communications protocols. It will continue to be used as a guideline for all other communications applications. References ...

As a matter of fact, when I started writing this post I titled it “Layer 4 of the OSI Model – understanding the application layer,” and then I had to go back and correct myself.