The layers, and what they represent, are as follows: Layer 7: Application. The Application Layer in the OSI model is the layer that is the “closest to the end user”.

If a frame goes missing, it is none the wiser. However, the TCP part of TCP/IP ensures that the entire set of data has been delivered intact. For details about the protocols, see data link ...

Data link layer, consisting of Media Access Control (MAC), creates Ethernet data frames and uses the underlying Ethernet physical layer to transfer the data frame through a medium. This article ...