When troubleshooting network issues it’s helpful to understand if the issue is occurring at Layer 2 or Layer 3 of the OSI model. If you’re able to get local communications to work but the ...

As the smart contract wars heat up, Layer 1 vs. Layer 2 blockchains are differentiating. From Proof-of-Work to Proof-of-Stake blockchains, each has its own way to scale to accommodate transaction ...

Although Bitcoin launched in early 2009, it took until 2017 for blockchains to go mainstream. And only in November 2021 – almost 12 years after Bitcoin’s launch – did crypto’s market cap ...

• Layer 3 – network: The network layer handles packet routing via logical addressing and switching functions. • Layer 2 – data link: Layer 2 operations package and unpack the data in frames.

In episode 47, Jeff, the founder of Merlin Chain, explains how the BTCFi movement is evolving from BRC-20 to BRC-420, the issues faced by layer-2 networks and Bitcoin, and more.