When troubleshooting network issues it’s helpful to understand if the issue is occurring at Layer 2 or Layer 3 of the OSI model. If you’re able to get local communications to work but the ...

• Layer 3 – network: The network layer handles packet routing via logical addressing and switching functions. • Layer 2 – data link: Layer 2 operations package and unpack the data in frames.

Although Bitcoin launched in early 2009, it took until 2017 for blockchains to go mainstream. And only in November 2021 – almost 12 years after Bitcoin’s launch – did crypto’s market cap ...