Automatic Arithmetic: a New System for Multiplication and Division without Mental Labour and without the Use of Logarithms. By John Sawyer, Public Accountant. (London: George Bell and Sons, 1878.) ...

In her “11 x” series, Posavec invented a visual code for translating numerals into graphic shapes, which turned cascading sets of long multiplication into intricately beautiful patterns. “I ...

The takeaway from [Alan]’s adventures in arithmetic is that division on an AVR is slow. Not very surprising after you realize the AVR doesn’t have a division instruction.