Given a connected, undirected graph G whose edges are labeled (or colored), the minimum labeling spanning tree (MLST) problem seeks a spanning tree on G with the minimum number of distinct labels (or ...

This paper considers the problem of minimum spanning trees in uncertain networks in which the edge weights are random variables. We propose the concept of expected minimum spanning tree and formulate ...

A benchmarking toolkit for comparing Kruskal's and Prim's minimum spanning tree algorithms across various graph configurations, with visualization tools and performance analysis reports.