In this paper, we address the problem of the joint three-dimensional (3D) localization of a hybrid RIS (HRIS) and a user. The most cost- and power-efficient hybrid version of an RIS is equipped with a ...

A 3D surface is considered one of the most promising tools for representing and recognizing 3D objects. Therefore, 3D surface matching is widely applied to 3D object recognition, retrieval, and so on.