When we read stories, watch films or TV shows, look at pictures or play video games, we use lots of different skills to work out what is happening. One of these skills is called inference ...

That’s a kind of logical reasoning known as transitive inference. It’s so automatic that you barely notice you’re doing it. It turns out humans are not the only ones who can make ... pictures and ...

For example, if there was a 70% chance that shape A would lead to outcome 1, there was a 30% chance that shape B would lead to the same outcome, and vice versa for outcome 2. So the subjects could ...