9 As shown in Panel A, machine learning starts with a task definition that specifies an input that should be mapped to a corresponding output ... machine-learning models. As shown in Panel ...

“The machine-learning ... signals that go into calculating the outputs until those outputs consistently match the next set of inputs — the five new heights measured a moment later along the flame ...

In this way, machine learning enables a computer to learn how to perform a task on its own and to continue to optimize its approach over time, without direct human input. In other words ...