This sap flow often follows nights when temperatures plunge below freezing and then rise quickly during the day. The expanding ice inside the tree ruptures cells, forcing sap out through the bark.

Cables on the forest floor are hooked up to sensors on the tree trunks, which continuously measure their diameter and sap flow -- an indicator of water stress.

Discover what data flow is and how it supports real-time insights, efficiency, and decision-making. Learn about key components, use cases, and emerging trends.