The use of data from ... of data from observational studies, as these are often not collected and analysed according to a strict study protocol, which is common procedure in randomized trials.

For many years it has been claimed that observational studies find stronger treatment effects than randomized ... a more sophisticated choice of data sets and better statistical methods.

Comparative effectiveness research encompasses a broad array of study types, including randomized ... have provided data for numerous research studies and also have been linked with other databases.

Observational studies using population-based registry data are increasingly relied on to fill the information gaps created by lack of evidence from randomized controlled trials. Administrative data ...

While these questions may have previously been addressed with a randomized ... vast flow of big data, combined with the right science, can provide high-quality evidence in observational study ...