During drilling, a rotary steerable system (RSS) is affected by vibration, rotation, and other random noises. This paper presents a random weighting adaptive estimation of model errors on attitude ...

Selecting a random sample from a set is simple. But what about selecting a fair random sample from a set of unknown or ...

Bias refers to systematic error, meaning that multiple replications of the same study would reach the wrong answer on average. It can occur at any phase of research, including study design, data ...

Binunya, F. and Zhou, H. (2025) Multilingual Text Recognition and Assistance for Low-Resource Languages Using Computer Vision. Open Access Library Journal, 12, 1-20. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1113574 .

Differently from previous work, systematic error in unit availability probabilities is considered as well as random error, and a closed-form expression is supplied for the error bars on the results.