Deep neural networks are at the heart of artificial intelligence, ranging from pattern recognition to large language and ...

Beyond the Gaussian injected noise, the optimal noise type is also numerically solved for training the designed threshold neural network. Test experiments for approximating nonlinear functions and ...

This paper presents a novel adaptive learning-rate backpropagation neural network (ALR-BPNN) algorithm based on the minimization of mean-square deviation (MSD) to implement a fast convergence rate and ...