Through encapsulation, you hide the details of a type’s implementation. In Java, encapsulation basically translates to this simple guideline: “Don’t access your object’s data directly ...

I omit the actual implementation code for the ... concept prevents a clear understanding of either. The Java language manifestation of encapsulation doesn’t even ensure basic object-oriented ...

.NET and Java developers are perplexed about the indiscreet way C++ discloses private class details. Pimpl (pointer-to-implementation) solves this problem by keeping secrets hidden from peepers. I ...