Mitigating the impact of unplanned power outages in industrial process-control systems is essential to maintaining safety, product quality, and system integrity.

With provable reliability and security, open control technologies provide industrial companies the ability to create control systems that allow for interoperability between vendor applications, cost ...

Open loop cooling systems use water to cool engines directly, while closed-loop systems use marine coolant and a heat exchanger to keep engines cool.

Payments ecosystems are often categorized as either closed-loop or open-loop systems, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Closed-loop systems, such as single-provider mobile wallets ...

Control performance of a multivariable closed-loop control system greatly depends on the quality of the process model used in the controller design. Thus, it is highly desirable that the discrepancy ...

In order to improve the traditional open-loop control of the high-pressure common rail system based on the calibration MAP diagram, a PI closed-loop control system of the injection volume based on the ...

With open-loop therapies, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid closed-loop systems automatically regulate insulin delivery.

To solve these problems, this paper took the two-terminal HVDC transmission system as the research object to derive a SISO model that can be measured by a port. Moreover, this study also proposed a ...

Discover the efficient synthesis of control algorithms in industrial applications with our mathematical model approximation. Explore open-loop and closed-loop identification procedures for accurate ...