A system that uses a PID controller to balance a ball on a tiltable platform. The system is built with an Arduino, ultrasonic sensor, and servo motor, with PID gain tuning via potentiometers. The ...

The direct current (dc) motor servo systems are widely used in vehicles. The parameters and disturbances of the servo systems are usually uncertain or unknown, which makes it difficult to achieve ...

Horizontal gas-liquid slug flows are widely encountered in important industrial processes. Bubble velocity measurement is of great significance for understanding the heat/mass transfer and flow ...

PID-based one-axis ball balancing robot using Arduino. Uses an ultrasonic sensor and servo motor to stabilize a ball at a target distance. Real-time tuning of Kp, Ki, Kd via Serial. Includes stability ...