[Fileark] built and ESC using an Arduino and has a couple of posts explaining the concept and demonstrating how it works. His test circuit uses six 2N2222 transistors to protect the Arduino from ...

Transistors are the fundamental building blocks behind today's electronic revolution, powering everything from smartphones to ...

If you are designing your own intelligent “Graden Computer” with an optional digital plant moisture sensor/water pump controller that lights an LED to alert the user when it is time to water a potted ...

They switch on with a base voltage of around 0.6V to 0.8V. Circuit diagrams often show transistors in switching circuits. For an ideal NPN transistor, the switch-on voltage at the base is ...

Researchers have created a simple circuit using transistors that run on the chemicals that control living processes, rather than the electrons that usual transistors use. The result is a step ...

As with many inventions, two people had the idea for an integrated circuit at almost the same time. Transistors had become commonplace in everything from radios to phones to computers, and now ...

However, ensuring these advantages are maintained for integrated circuits is a challenge. Here we demonstrate that a significant reduction in the use of field-effect transistors can be achieved by ...