One example of the substitution bias is the bat-and-ball problem: ... (2018) have referred to as Rationalist Fever Dreams, so the use of algorithms and calculative methods seems reasonable to them.

A health care algorithm makes black patients substantially less likely than their white counterparts to receive important medical treatment. The major flaw affects millions of patients, and was ...

Cryptographic algorithms lie at the heart of modern information security, and substitution box (S‐box) design is a critical component in achieving robust encryption.

For example, in November another team at MIT (with many of the same researchers) published a study demonstrating how Google’s InceptionV3 image classifier could be duped into thinking that a 3-D ...

Examples abound of AI systems behaving badly. Last year, Amazon was forced to ditch a hiring algorithm that was found to be gender biased; Google was left red-faced after the autocomplete ...