Examples of 3GLs include COBOL, BASIC, Fortran, C, C++, Java, and Pascal. ... we can make some educated guesses as to what forms programming abstraction will take in the future.

Figure 1 shows the individual execution times for the three Java virtual machines I used with M=10,000 and N=4,000. Figure 1. Data Abstraction Penalty Benchmark results. As you can see from Table 1 ...