Methods based on 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) for surface reconstruction face challenges when applied to large-scale scenes captured by UAV. Because the number of 3D Gaussians increases dramatically, ...

Second, we propose a novel two-stage MIA approach, the Coarse-to-Fine Model Inversion Attack (C2FMI), which efficiently addresses the MIA problem in the black-box scenario. In stage I of C2FMI, we ...