In this lesson, students build two circuits and explore how transistors function. When Bell Labs introduced the transistor in June of 1948, a spokesman proudly announced "This cylindrical object ...

In this circuit if you were to start with the potentiometer at the grounded end then the transistor would be turned off, and no current would flow. In an NPN transistor, the connection between ...

In Figure 1, the 5V linear regulator (U1) delivers as much as 150mA of load current when operating by itself. Operating with the external pass transistor shown (Q1), the circuit maintains 5V ...

The mechanics of transistor operation, including current flow, voltage control, and response times, are discussed, along with the concept of flip-flops as a basic building block for computers.

However, increasing the voltage applied to the gate blocks the current flow between the drain and source, effectively turning the transistor "off". Transistors find extensive applications in ...

If you ever work with a circuit that controls a decent amount of current, you will often encounter a FET – a Field-Effect Transistor. Whether you want to control a couple of powerful LEDs, sw… ...

With appropriate temperatures, thermal flows JQ for Q ∈ {L, M, R} will replicate the current flow in an electronic transistor, resulting in heat amplification. Credit: APL Quantum (2025). DOI ...

The programmable unijunction transistor remains dormant until the voltage across C1 exceeds the gate voltage of Q1 by one diode drop (0.6V) or in this circuit about 6.8V in reference to circuit common ...

In low light, resistance is high and little current can flow, ... Protection: The 2.2kΩ resistor in the circuit protects the transistor from being damaged by too high a voltage or current.

There are numerous differences between NPN and PNP transistors, and even though both are bipolar junction transistors, the direction of current flow is the name of the game.