When right atrial enlargement occurs, ... This is referred to as p-pulmonale since lung disease can cause severe right heart strain and right atrial enlargement. Thus, the P wave height becomes ...

A “cannon A wave” occurs when the right atrium contracts against a closed tricuspid valve causing a large pulsation to occur in the jugular venous pulsation. This occurs at times of electrical ...

Tang et al. developed an algorithm to distinguish left and right atrial foci, and pioneered the prediction of focal ATs using surface P waves. [10] They reported that a positive P wave in lead V1 ...

Figure 1A shows the adaptive CRT device simulation setup in a block diagram. A heart module that responds to pacing according to its state, and transmits right atrial, right ventricular, and left ...