Any management system within an organization can be said to be "open" or "closed." An open systems interacts with other systems through the free passing of information, whereas closed systems ...

Racism in science is endemic because the systems that produce and teach scientific knowledge have, for centuries, misrepresented, marginalized and mistreated people of colour and under-represented ...

The study, published in Science on 24 October 1 ... ranging from distrust of the health-care system to direct racial discrimination by health-care providers. And because the algorithm assigned ...