Where the “X” is seen above, we insert a transformer and introduce a network analyzer (Figure 2). Figure 2 A feedback loop ready for testing. With malice a forethought, we choose our “X” point where ...

Based on digital twins and plant models simulating in real-time, hardware-in-the-loop testing ensures ECUs perform flawlessly under real-world conditions. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing ...