Medically reviewed by Christine L. Larsen, MD Medications, trauma, and medical conditions can lead to abnormally small pupils ...

It was previously believed that our pupil size was only affected by three things: light, focusing on nearby objects and cognitive effects.

For the first time, researchers have been able to observe how the pupils react during sleep over a period of several hours. A ...

But a study published last week (March 6) in eLife shows that an objective measure—how the pupil varies in size while viewing an optical illusion—reveals differences in perceptual styles and ...

A person’s pupils may be of different sizes (anisocoria) for several reasons, including physical trauma, response to light, and infection. The condition may also be present from birth.

The response is a measure of interest, emotion, thought processes and attitudes Dilation and constriction of the pupils reflect not only changes in light intensity but also ongoing mental activity.

The pupillary respiratory‐phase response: pupil size is smallest around inhalation onset and largest during exhalation. The Journal of Physiology , 2025; DOI: 10.1113/JP287205 Cite This Page : ...

You will need… sleep diaries, rulers, conversion tables, reaction timetable, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. This investigation has two parts. Part one, sleep diary. Pupils will need to record on ...