Coming to Arduino (Uno), the PWM frequency at Pin 9 is close to 500 Hz, and with fc = 500 Hz, the period is 1/fc = ~2 ms. Note that the statement “analogWrite( PWM_ pin, level);” sets the PWM _pin to ...

The Arduino IDE support was announced on the ESP8266 ... either: you can write code for the ESP module, connect the serial pins, and hit the program button. The basic functions of the ...

That’s kinda mean. The Arduino already has a socket and a board. Just the ATMega328 is 5,65 euro. For 21 IO pins, that’s 0.26 euro per IO. The MCP23S08 is 1,32 euro, so 0.17 euro per IO.

It transpires that folk have been busy writing ‘cores’ – the name for code that adapts Arduino code to run on different hardware – for several other bare chips, and some have 20 pins – plenty. Have ...