That’s because brushless DC motors require carefully timed signals used in a process called Electronic Speed Control (ESC). [Fileark] built and ESC using an Arduino and has a couple of posts ...

En route to getting the off-the-peg DC-51 motor speed controller to better suit my small milling ... the current limit circuit can only affect the control loop in one direction: pushing pin 1 more ...

Pin headers ... read the encoder, control the motor rotation and listen on the ‘stepper motor driver’ interface pins hooked up to the motion controller upstream. The Arduino source for this ...