A ventricular septal defect (VSD ... Diagnosis is predominantly made via echocardiography which directly images the shunt and can can measure important hemodynamic parameters such as cardiac ...

The echo images show the size of the valve opening and whether it is adversely affecting left ventricular function. These measurements determine the severity of your aortic stenosis. Since you ...

Now, cardiac MRI can be used to obtain three-dimensional, high-resolution images of the entire left ventricular chamber ... than previously appreciated with echocardiography and that hypertophy ...