Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a technique for finding approximate solutions to difficult or impossible numeric optimization problems. In particular, PSO can be used to train a neural network.

Particle Swarm Optimization vs. Back-Propagation There are several reasons why you might want to consider using PSO rather than back-propagation to train a neural network. Based on my experience, back ...

Novel 'cuckoo search algorithm' beats particle swarm optimization in engineering design. ScienceDaily . Retrieved May 28, 2025 from www.sciencedaily.com / releases / 2010 / 05 / 100527213816.htm ...

Alireza Sahebgharani, MULTI-OBJECTIVE LAND USE OPTIMIZATION THROUGH PARALLEL PARTICLE SWARM ALGORITHM, Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 1 (January to June 2016), pp. 42-49 ...