But for cubic optimization problems with no constraints, sum of squares becomes a handy test for finding locally optimal minimum solutions. Picture the graph of a polynomial function as a curve ...

Graph algorithms and spanners have emerged ... Approximation Algorithm: An algorithm designed to find near-optimal solutions for hard optimisation problems within a guaranteed bound of the optimal ...

In this method, the set of cut pieces used in the dissection is reduced to a graph structure that captures ... proof showing that a specific solution is optimal, using the fewest pieces possible.

They proved that Dudeney's original solution was optimal. "Over a century later ... the set of cut pieces used in the dissection is reduced to a graph structure that captures the relationship ...

By comparing the objective function values of different solutions, the optimal one is identified ... Additionally, in graph theory-related problems—such as finding large independent sets ...