Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of an SPV battery charging with MPPT. The most common topology used to implement MPPT algorithm is Perturb & Observe (P&O). In this method the system perturbs in a ...

A group of researchers from Lanzhou Jiaotong University in China has developed a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique based on an improved snake optimizer (ISO) algorithm. The ISO is a ...

The proposed hybrid MPPT algorithm combines the benefits of two algorithms – the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) and the hill climbing (HC). The SSA (SSA) is a metaheuristic algorithm designed to ...