Having a small curve in the upper back is normal. Kyphosis is an excessive spinal curve that can cause discomfort and lasting issues throughout the body. Poor posture, abnormalities in the spine ...

a spinal surgeon and author of Watch Your Back: Nine Proven Strategies to Reduce Your Neck and Back Pain Without Surgery. The ...

surgery may be needed - typically spinal fusion. It involves straightening the vertebrae causing the curvature using metal rods and screws, and fusing them into place with bone grafts. Kyphosis ...