(For a more mathematical diagram, see the single-layer ... This style of neural network is also known as a cyclical graph. The backward movement opens up a variety of more sophisticated learning ...

Neural networks are therefore a specialized kind of directed graph. Many neural networks distinguish between three layers of nodes: input, hidden, and output. The input layer has neurons that ...

At ARVO 2025, in Salt Lake City, Utah, Patipol Tiyajamorn, talked about his poster on using graph neural networks to identify ...